Analysis of Main Pathogenic Bacteria and Drug Sensitivity in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Middle Ear Cholesteatoma in China

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC) were classified as different diseases recently. Owing to the difference in pathogeneses, the pathogenic bacteria of the two diseases can be different. However, few studies have compared the two types of pathogenic bacteria. To analyze the main pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivities in patients of Southwest China with CSOM and MEC and compare the difference of ear dryness rate between empirical and sensitive medication. According to the data of culture of ear discharge and postoperative pathological examination, the patients were divided into CSOM and MEC groups. A cohort study was carried out in 1087 hospitalized patients with CSOM and MEC in the Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, West China Hospital from January 2015 to June 2019. Pathogenic bacteria were detected in 467 of 726 cases of CSOM (64.46%) and in 190 of 361 cases of MEC (52.63%). Of the positive cases, 53.96% involved gram-positive (G+) bacteria and 46.04% involved gram-negative (G−) bacteria in the CSOM group; 41.05% involved G+ bacteria and 58.95% involved G− bacteria in the MEC group (P < 0.05). In the CSOM group, the top four pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (33.62%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.98%), Proteus (16.92%), and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (10.28%). The top four pathogens in the MEC group were Proteus (22.11%), S. aureus (21.05%), P. aeruginosa (15.26%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.42%). S. aureus was more sensitive to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin in the MEC group than in the CSOM group (= 14.286, P < 0.001; = 8.244, P < 0.01). P. aeruginosa was more sensitive to neomycin and tobramycin in the MEC group than in the CSOM group (= 21.285, P < 0.001; = 4.060, P < 0.05). The sensitivity rate of coagulase-negative staphylococci to neomycin in the MEC group was higher than that in the CSOM group (= 5.126, P < 0.05). The sensitivity of Proteus to piperacillin tazobactam in the CSOM group was higher than that in the MEC group (= 8.881, P < 0.05). The dry ear rate of patients with sensitive drug was significantly higher than the patients with empirical drug (= 19.431, P < 0.001). The detection rate of G+ bacteria in the CSOM group was higher than that in the MEC group. The detection rate of G− bacteria in the CSOM group was lower than that in the MEC group. The main pathogens in the two groups included S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Proteus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus. The dry ear rate of patients who used sensitive drugs was significantly higher than the patients who used empirical drugs. Reducing the rate of empirical use of antibiotics as much as possible and selecting antibiotics reasonably were beneficial to the improvement of dry ear rate after surgery.