Roxadustat Improves Erythropoietin Antibody-Mediated Pure Red Cell Aplasia in a Patient with Hemodialysis

Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) is used extensively in patients with CKD. However, anti-erythropoietin (anti-EPO) antibody has been reported during rHu-EPO treatment, which causes pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). We presented a case of 75-year-old man, who underwent hemodialysis for 2 years. He developed PRCA during rHu-EPO treatment. The rHu-EPO was immediately discontinued, and the patient was given roxadustat treatment. After 6 months of roxadustat treatment, the anti-EPO antibody was disappeared, and hemoglobin recovered normal range. The results suggest that roxadustat can be used to treat patients with anti-EPO antibody-mediated PRCA without immunosuppressive therapy.