Socioeconomic Correlates of Health Outcomes and Mental Health Disparity in a Sample of Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Aims and objectives To investigate socioeconomic, behavioural and healthcare delivery factors that are associated with health outcomes of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among underserved cancer patients. Background Cancer patients are at a higher risk of adverse physical and mental health outcomes during the pandemic than those without cancer. Design Cross-sectional online survey. We followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines in this study. Methods The sample comprised 322 individuals diagnosed with incident cancer between January 2019 and January 2020. Demographically, 64% were female, 49% had a college degree, 12% were African American, and 88% were White (77% of the Whites were from metropolitan and 23% from nonmetropolitan areas). Descriptive analysis and multivariable regression analyses of global health status, depression and irritability were performed. Results After adjusting for demographic variables and comorbidity, the feelings of loneliness, crowded living space, lower confidence in taking preventive measures and less satisfaction with telehealth visits were significantly associated with poorer global health, depression and irritability. Daily exercise was associated with better global health, and difficulty in getting medicine was associated with depression and irritability. Moreover, African Americans who felt lonely reported more depression and irritability and those who had less confidence in taking preventive measures reported more irritability than Whites. Respondents having low income and feeling lonely reported more depression than others. Conclusions In this study, socioeconomic factors (e.g. loneliness or crowded living conditions) were as important to health outcomes during the pandemic as behavioural (e.g. prevention and exercises) and quality-of-care factors (e.g. telehealth, access to medicine). Disparity was more pronounced in the mental health of African Americans and those with low incomes. Relevance to clinical practice Healthcare providers should promote social support and physical activity for improving health and reducing mental health disparities among cancer patients.