Oviposition-related behaviours of Limenitis camilla in a common garden experiment

Human induced environmental changes are accelerating at an unprecedented pace, forcing organisms to rapidly adjust their behaviours. There is broad evidence that the main driver of the ongoing biodiversity crisis is land-use change, that reduces and fragments natural habitats. However, the consequence of habitat fragmentation on behavioural responses of fitness-related traits such as oviposition site selection in insects, which represent about 50% of \ Earth’s species diversity, have been so far understudied. In herbivorous insects, oviposition-related behaviours determine larval food access, and thus the fate of the next generation. We present a pilot study to assess differences in oviposition-related behaviours in Limenitis camilla butterflies from Wallonia (Belgium), one of the most fragmented regions in Europe. We first quantified variation in functional habitat connectivity for L. camilla across Wallonia and found that fragmented habitats had more abundant, but less evenly distributed Lonicera periclymenum , the host plant of L. camilla . Secondly, we compared in a semi-natural experimental setting the behaviours of field-caught L. camilla females originating from habitats with contrasted landscape connectivity. We found differences in behaviours related to flight investment: butterflies from fragmented woodlands spent more time in non-compass orientation flight, which we associated with dispersal, than butterflies from homogenous woodlands, where L. periclymenum was less abundant and more evenly distributed. Although results from this study should be interpreted with caution given the limited sample size, they provide valuable insights for the advancement of behavioral research that aims to assess the effects of global changes on insects. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.