A Quantitative-Analysis-Based Standardized Rat Model Without Tooth Extraction to Study Peri-Implantitis and Its Implications in the Percutaneous/Permucosal Osseointegrated Implants Development

As one of the most well-known percutaneous/permucosal osseointegrated implants, dental implants are widely utilized in clinical practices. With the high incidence rate of peri-implantitis (PI), a rapid PI small animal model is required. While most of current models need to perform tooth extraction first, thus inevitably increase the surgical complexity, animal suffering and experimental period. Attempts have been made while problems still remain, resulting in low efficacy and comparability. Herein, a quantitative-analysis-based standardized PI rat model were proposed. The hard and soft tissue anatomical structures in region anterior to maxillary molar were systematically evaluate to obtain the best surgical site and design the customized implant and matched instruments. Deliberately designed operating procedures were established to minimize the tissue damage, reduce the surgical bias and improve the success rate. Meanwhile, the silk contaminated with P. gingivalis was utilized to mimic the pathogenic process of PI. This study proposed a quantitative-analysis-based standardized rat model without tooth extraction to study the pathogenesis and treatments of PI. The construction of this model could provide research basis for the design of Percutaneous/permucosal Osseointegrated Implants and nonsolid regenerative biomaterials. It may also serve as preliminary screening of biomaterials above before further large animal studies/clinical applications.