The Cross-Linking and Protective Effect of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives on Collagen Fibers of Demineralized Dentin Surface.

Objective: To investigate the cross-linking and protective effect of artemisinin (ART), dihydroartemisinin (DHA), and artesunate (AST) on collagen fibers of demineralized dentin surface.Methods: Molecular docking was used to predict potential interactions of ART, DHA, and AST with dentin type I collagen. Human third molars without caries were completely demineralized and treated with different solutions for 1 min. The molecular interactions and cross-linking degree of ART and its derivatives with dentin collagen were evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy, total extractable protein content, and a ninhydrin assay. Scanning electron microscopy, hydroxyproline release, and ultimate microtensile strength tests (mu UTS) were employed to confirm the mechanical properties and anti-collagenase degradation properties of dentin collagen fibers.Results: ART, DHA, and AST combined with dentin type I collagen mainly through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, and the cross-linking reaction sites were mainly C=O and C-N functional groups. Compared to the control group, ART and its derivatives significantly increased the degree of cross-linking. Additionally, significant increases were observed in resistance to enzymatic digestion and mechanical properties of the artemisinin and its derivatives group.Conclusion: ART, DHA, and AST could cross-link with demineralized dentin collagen, through improving the mechanical properties and anti-collagenase degradation properties. Clinical significance: The study endorses the potential use of ART and its derivatives as a prospective collagen cross-linking agent for degradation-resistant and long-period dentin bonding in composite resin restorations.