Bulk Properties of the System Formed in U Plus U Collisions at √SNN=2.12 GeV Using the Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model

The Lanzhou Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) facility is set to conduct experiments involving uranium-uranium collisions at center-of-mass energies ranging from 2.12 to 2.4 GeV. Our investigation is focused on various bulk observables, which include charged particle multiplicity (N-ch), average transverse momentum ((p(T))), initial eccentricity (6n), and flow harmonics (v(n)), for different orientations of U + U collisions within the range of 0 degrees < theta < 120 degrees at root s(NN) = 2.12 GeV (p(lab) = 500 MeV). Among the various collision configurations at this energy, the tip-tip scenario emerged with the highest average charged particle multiplicity, denoted as (N-ch). Notably, both the second- and third-order eccentricities, 62,3, revealed intricate patterns as they varied with impact parameter across distinct configurations. The tip-tip configuration displayed the most pronounced magnitude of rapidity-odd directed flow (v(1)), whereas the body-body configuration exhibited the least pronounced magnitude. Concerning elliptic flow (v(2)) near mid-rapidity (|eta| < 1.0), a negative sign is observed for all configurations except for the side-side which exhibited a distinctly positive sign. Within the spectrum of configurations, the body-body scenario displayed the highest magnitude of v(2). For reaction plane correlated triangular flow (v(3)), the body-body configuration emerged with the largest magnitude while the side-side exhibited the smallest magnitude. Our study seeks to establish a fundamental understanding of various U + U collision configurations in preparation for the forthcoming CSR External-target Experiment (CEE).