Toll-Like Receptor 4, Type 1 Interferon and Type 2 Interferon Independently Induce a Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype in Alveolar Macrophages from Lung Transplant Recipients

Purpose: Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a crucial role in coordinating immune responses in the lung. We have previously described TRAIL+ CXCL10+ interferon-stimulated gene (ISG)-expressing AMs in lung transplant recipients experiencing acute lung allograft dysfunction (ALAD) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). We also showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces an ISG phenotype in AMs. Here, we hypothesized that type 1 or type 2 interferon would also induce an ISG phenotype independently of LPS.