Label-free Multimodal Multiphoton Imaging of Liver-on-a-Chip Models

Liver-on-a-chip is a 3D in vitro hepatic microphysiological system aiming to recreate the conditions of liver tissue on a microscopic scale. CN Bio microphysiological system (CN Bio Innovations, UK) is one of the advanced liver-on-a-chip models. In this study, a multimodal optical imaging platform incorporating nonlinear optical imaging techniques such as multiphoton microscopy (MPM), fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, and simultaneous label-free autofluorescence multiharmonic (SLAM) microscopy was used for characterizing the structural and functional changes associated with inflammation, lipid accumulation and drug uptake in the CNBio liver-on-a-chip model.