Structure and Equation of State of Ti-bearing Davemaoite: New Insights into the Chemical Heterogeneity in the Lower Mantle

Davemaoite (CaSiO3 perovskite) is considered the third most abundant phase in the pyrolytic lower mantle and the second most abundant phase in the subducted mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). During the partial melting of the pyrolytic upper mantle, incompatible titanium (Ti) becomes enriched in the basaltic magma, forming Ti-rich MORB. Davemaoite is considered an important Ti-bearing mineral in subducted slabs by forming a Ca(Si,Ti)O-3 solid solution. However, the crystal structure and compressibility of Ca(Si,Ti)O-3 perovskite solid solution at relevant pressure and temperature conditions had not been systematically investigated. In this study, we investigated the structure and equations of state of Ca(Si0.83Ti0.17)O-3 and Ca(Si0.75Ti0.25)O-3 perovskites at room temperature up to 82 and 64 GPa, respectively, by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). We found that both Ca(Si0.83Ti0.17)O-3 and Ca(Si0.75Ti0.25)O-3 perovskites have a tetragonal structure up to the maximum pressures investigated. Based on the observed data and compared to pure CaSiO3 davemaoite, both Ca(Si0.83Ti0.17)O-3 and Ca(Si0.75Ti0.25)O-3 perovskites are expected to be less dense up to the core-mantle boundary (CMB), and specifically similar to 1-2% less dense than CaSiO3 davemaoite in the pressure range of the transition zone (15-25 GPa). Our results suggest that the presence of Ti-bearing davemaoite phases may result in a reduction in the average density of the subducting slabs, which in turn promotes their stagnation in the lower mantle. The presence of low-density Ti-bearing davemaoite phases and subduction of MORB in the lower mantle may also explain the seismic heterogeneity in the lower mantle, such as large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs).