Lethal Effects of Peppermint, Eucalyptus, and Rosemary Essential Oils As Nano-Capsule and Emulsion Formulations on Tomato Leaf-Miner (tuta Absoluta)

Following commercial use of plant essential oils in pest control, their slow-release formulations have been developed in order to increase their effectiveness and solve their instability problem. In the present study, at first, lethal effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oils as emulsions and nano-capsules on the tomato leaf-miner was determined by the leaf-dipping method. Mortality of different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 percent) recorded at 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Then, negative effects of these essential oils on life table parameters were evaluated at 10