Concomitant Medications Alter Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Digestive Tract Cancer Receiving PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitors Combined with Antiangiogenetic Agents

Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of concomitant medications on the response and survival of patients with advanced digestive tract cancer receiving an immunotherapy-antiangiogenesis combination. We conducted a three-center observational retrospective study of patients with advanced digestive tract cancer who received programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus antiangiogenic agents between March 2019 and July 2022 in China. The patients had one of the three types of primary tumors: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and gastric cancer (GC). The study included 352 patients. The most frequently prescribed co-medications were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (46.3