Nanomaterial Synthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents

Nanomaterials have been widely utilized in diverse fields of industry and research. The recent growing demand on sustainable nanomaterials has catalyzed a shift towards eco-friendly and green solvents in materials synthesis. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green solvents, formed by the combination of two or three components, typically a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), which interact to create a eutectic mixture with a melting point lower than that of the individual components. They have been demonstrated as effective extractants in various fields. However, DESs and their unique properties hold great potential to be utilized beyond extraction. In this review, we would discuss and explore the promising role of DESs in crafting functional nanomaterials. The review starts with the basic chemistry and properties of DES. Additionally, we elucidate the synthesis processes of diverse nanomaterials in DES, encompassing metal/metal oxide, carbons, polymers, and biomasses. We conclude by providing a comprehensive overview of DESs' contemporary role in functional nanomaterials, providing a panoramic view of their potential applications across disciplines. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities DESs bring to sustainable nanotechnology while addressing the challenges that necessitate innovative solutions.